Combination jar and key seat reamer



Jan. 12 1954 SHELTQN 2,665,887

COMBINATION JAR AND KEY SEAT REAMER Filed Aug. 5, 1951 Leo/70rd L. She/fan INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY ietented Jan. 12, 1954 v ram. 9'"

gnor

Houston 01 1 Field li/iatritl Com'pany I136 Hoiismh; Being a iiorporation (if 'Delaware ttptattiaa meat, 1951, that time 1 c This invention reittte tqa qev terqr ja ing but orr eainin'g out tight biases or key seats in}. well bcre'. r v Frequentlywhile drilling oil or gas wellsjthe drill hole deviates from the true vertical either intentionally or accidentally. these incl ned holes the drill string while rotating ii'nbeds its "elf t W ll b t i' 'vi l vdril i h le i results in what is commonly referred t n the art as a key seat. This key seat is smaller than the drill collar or collars to Which the bit is s'e cured and on withdra ing the drill string, in inany instances the drill collars will, b a lodged n the key fse ttt,jt rlt thereby eeqtiv b'revent the removal of the drill string from the e c Another Gammon bccgrrence is'thejaccnnnila} tio'n of a mud ring or filter cake on the wall I the bo're hole which also results in a restr portion and in many instances etre tiveiy'prg events the removal of the drill string from the hole it .c \'l1,- v Accordingly, ,it is arnong the general objects of the present invention to provide a device for readily jarring out or' reaming ent these re; 7'

stricted portions or k ey seats in the vvll cirdr to freely withdraw 'the'drill pipe and bit therefrom. I H 7 A uh It is a further general object bf the nresent invention to provide such a device vvhich be interpcsed in the drill stem abovethe collars and bit and which will not interfere with normal drilling operations but which will read ily jar out or ream out any restricted portion or key seat in the well here. I

A inain object of the present invention is t9 provide such a device which will reinove restricted portion or key seat in a Well bore by either a jarring action or a rearning or scrabmg action or a combination of jarring and reammg. A fiartieular object and feature of the present invention is the provisionof such a device which the drill string is rotated toactuatethe deviceand thereby provide the jarring and reamingactibn. A feature of the present invention is the provision of such a device in which the jarring or reaming is provided by merely slackening or picking up the drill string While rotating in the directini c V c The drill piioe, collars or bit 'rnay becom stuck. or lodged in a Well bore formant w it is desirable to tsterttm- Whether the sti A is due to a key seat 's brrie other con'ditiofiil sci-this. (01.255 2?) the 'viell bats in arse; to talitappropriatesteps stem thereirorn ln 1 i it 1F. si fsticking is due to a key satjor oth'e t gns in the well bore in hl' i' di hc tiqe ll y see-f ser $1 1. s r ey d. 2 th st m; and}? s n *sib f q fi .t f ll lli lill t rou h W K83 seatwiper to deter f f thei the drill string, collars and bitar reet'o ro te and thereby inca e sesis nthe llwre-i c.

i Q QL gl Ki -A n q ti h i i t and fiatu e Q t e p e ent; i qn. bn iv e lqbmb neti nlir klmea r 'e r th u h which the drill s Iti e afuri r 0 9.1% 9 h c 's n n- 20 ite a n. J20 p qvidel. a. vcfw l net ar v and key seat rearner through yvhich the drill string may I x hea'ctiiated to jar or reanq by rotation; of the drill string.

a n e n ti Wit 3 3 siee i 'a.amwi awhert l ke h at e ericeshdesignate like parts throughout the sevt v w andw n hi a c v Fig l i s a s'ideel evationof a combination jar 511 ey afifl il ,PPiE TQQ Q n co a with the inve 1} interposed in a drill strin and shovvn arring position in a key seat med in? w lbor a r v L Figs. 2 and} are crossfsectional viewstaken along the lines 2 and 3, respectively, of Fig. 1, and t a a; "semen ayy s de elevation illusrtwins. th llewef d h. semb in engaged p'ositi on vvhereby thesleevemember is rotated -PF TIQPQ' he; r aming ru' i ilq L ,"B crin wtQ t is. drawing. en f w er to Fig. 1, the combipatiqn jarring and reaming or tittihg t'bbl ljl is threadedly interposed in the drilhstr n d, a's illqstrated, is threaded by 3 drill string [8 extending to the surface (not shown).

'An elongate stem or axial support. 22 is secured to the upper and lower couplings 20 and I2, respectively, and may be threaded to these couplings in order that the tool may be easily and quickly broken down into its respective elements and unserviceable parts quickly repaired or replaced. In many instances, however, it will be preferable to weld the stem 22 to the couplings 20 and I2 to provide a rugged and durable tool in use.

Slideably and rotatably secured about the stem or axial support 22 is a sleeve member 24 which is of less length than the extent of the stem or mandrel 22. Thus the sleeve 24 is freely rotatable about the stem or mandrel 22 and is free to move along the longitudinal axis thereof. Conversely, in the event the sleeve is stuck or lodged in the well bore the drill string and stem may be rotated relative to the sleeve as will be apparent later herein.

In order to actuate the sleeve member 24 clutch and rotary-jar elements are provided on each end of the sleeve and the inwardly facing shoulder portionsof the couplings l2 and 20, respectively. As illustrated, rotary jar elements 26 are positioned on the top annular surface of the sleeve 24 and are adapted to coact with the rotary jar elements 28 positioned on the downwardly facing shoulder of the upper coupling 20. The rotary jar elements 26 and 23 comprise projecting cam surfaces having the inclined or sloping back faces 36 and the substantially per.- pendicular front faces 38,.the sloping back faces riding or ratcheting overone another when engaged and while the sleeve member 24 is stuck to provide a percussive jarring action to the sleeve member 24, as. will be apparent later. Similarly, clutch elements 30 are secured to the lower annularface of. the sleeve 24 and coact with the clutch elements 32 disposed on the upwardly facing annular shoulder of the lower coupling l2. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the clutch elements may have inclined or sloping back faces 36' and substantially perpendicular front faces or stop members 38. Thus, it will be apparent that rotation in one direction upon engagement of the inclined surfaces 36, or 36', assuming the sleeve 24 is stuck and will not rotate, causes the cam surfaces to ride or ratchet over each other thereby providing a percussive jarring action or an up and down motion to the sleeve; whereas, rotation in the other direction upon engagement of the perpendicular front faces 38 or 38' will impart rotation from the drill string I 8 to the sleeve 24. Preferably the clutch and rotary jar elements will be positioned in opposite directions at each end of the sleeve member 24, although any type clutch may be used at one end of the tool in combination with rotary jar elements at the other end of the tool. Thus, in the event the sleeve 24 is lodged in a key seat, rotation of the drill string 18 in one direction and thus rtation of the elongate stem 22 and couplings I 2 and 20 in one direction will impart rotation or percussive reciprocation to the sleeve member or permit free rotation of the drill string relative to the sleeve member 24 depending upon the relative position of the sleeve member and the upper and lower couplings. While only two coacting clutch and rotary jar elements are shown at each end of the sleeve, respectively, any number may be utilized in practice.

A plurality of reaming or scraping elements 40 are disposed about the outer periphery of the sleeve 24. The reamers 40 are illustrated with a substantially fiat outer surface 42 and upwardly and inwardly tapered surfaces 44 at their upper ends. It will be understood, however, that any preferred type of reamer or scraper blades may be utilized and these blades are preferably case hardened.

In operation the device is preferably threadedly interposed in the drill string immediately above the drill collars. During normal drilling operations the sleeve 24 will ordinarily fall or be in a lowered position and will not interfere with normal drilling operations. As illustrated, communicating axial bores extend throughout the drill pipe, the combination jarring and reaming tool and the drill collars and establish communication with the drill bit in order that drilling mud or fluid may be circulated through the drill pipe and out the bit in the usual manner. In the event the bore hole 50 deviates from the vertical, either intentionally, for example, in direc'tional drilling, or accidentally, a restricted portion or key seat 52, see Fig. 3, may be bored in the side of the well bore 50. Thus, upon attempted withdrawal of the drill string from the well bore, the drill collars being larger in radial extent than the drill pipe may become lodged or stuck in the key seat and thereby effectively prevent the removal of the drill string, drill collars and bit from the well bore. In such an event the sleeve 24 will become stuck in the key seat and thus will be held against rotation. The drill stem may be rotated in conventional manner and tension in the string or drill pipe slackened or the string lowered. In the event the drill string will rotate freely the presence of a key seat in the well bore is indicated as only the sleeve member 24 will be stuck or fixed against rotation. Continued slackening of the tension in the drill string or lowering thereof, and, in the embodiment illustrated, rotation to the right will cause an engagement ofthe inclined faces 36 of the cam surfaces of the rotary jar elements 26 and 28 will cause them to ride or ratchet over each other to provide a percussive jarring action or reciprocating motion to the sleeve 24. By increasing tension in the drill string l 8 or elevating the drill string, the front faces 38' of the clutch elements 30 and 32 will engage thereby causing rotation of the sleeve 24 and thereby providing a reaming or scrapping action to enlarge or ream out the key seat 52. Thus, while rotating the drill string in the single direction an indication of a key seat and a percussive jarring action or a reaming action or a combination of these actions is obtained by increasing or relaxing tension in the drill string to provide the desired function of the device.

Obviously, many changes in the present invention may be made within the scope thereof. For example, the upper coupling 20 may be considerably smaller in external diameter than the sleeve 24; however, it is preferable to have the sleeve 24 at least as large in external diameter as either of the couplings 20 or l2 in order that the sleeve will become stuck in the key seat and enlarge the key seat sufiiciently for passage of the drill collars and bit. In addition, any type of reaming teeth or scraper blades may be utilized which would tend to give a cutting or scraping action upon jarring or rotation of the sleeve member 24.

If desired, the stem or axial support may be threaded directly in a string of pipe without the upper and lower couplings, cooperating clutch and rotary jar elements being secured directly to the connecting members; however, it is manifest that the use of the couplings is preferred. While the present invention may be used in all drilling operations, it is particularly useful in directional drilling operations.

Broadly the present invention comprises a scraper or cutter assembly in which restricted portions of well bores, such as key seats, are readily determined and enlarged and in which a sleeve or reamer member is freely rotatable about a stem, the sleeve or reamer being operable to permit rotation of the drill string therethrough and to jar or ream by rotating the string of pipe to which it is connected and by merely decreasing or increasing the tension in the drilling string.

Thus, the prevent invention is not limited to the precise details of the example given for the purpose of disclosure, but is limited only by the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A combination and key seat reamer for engaging and enlarging key seats formed in well bores by a string of pipe comprising, an elongate support, a sleeve member having reaming cutters on its outer surface, said sleeve member being rotatably and slidably mounted on said support, said sleeve member being of less length than that of said support, enlarged portions at each end of the support limiting upward and downward movement of said sleeve member, engageable clutch elements at one end of the sleeve and the enlarged portion adjacent thereto for transmitting rotation from said support to said sleeve upon engagement of such clutch elements, and cooperating rotary jar elements at the other end of said sleeve and the other of said enlarged portions, said rotary jar elements com-- prising engageable cam surfaces projecting from said other end of the sleeve and said other of said enlarged portions, respectively, so that while the sleeve member is lodged in the key seat rela-- tive longitudinal movement of the support and sleeve will engage said cam surfaces and relative rotation of the support and the sleeve memher will cause the cam surfaces to ride over each other thereby percussively jarring said sleeve member.

2. A combination jar and key seat reamer for engaging and enlarging key seats formed in well bores by a string of pipe comprising, an elongate tubular support, a tubular sleeve member adapted to engage and enlarge said key seats, said sleeve member having scrapers on its outer surface and being rotatably and slidably mounted on said support, said sleeve member being of less length than that of said support, enlarged portions at each end of said support limiting upward and downward movement of said sleeve member, and coacting clutch elements on one end of said sleeve member and the enlarged portion adjacent thereto and coacting rotary jar elements on the other end of said sleeve and the other of said enlarged portions, said rotary jar elements comprising engageable cam surfaces projecting from said other end of the sleeve and said other of said enlarged portions, respectively, said cam surfaces and clutch elements having sloping back faces and substantially perpendicular front faces so that while the sleeve memher is lodged in the key seat relative longitudinal movement of the support and sleeve in a first direction will engage said cam surfaces and rotation of the support in one direction relative to the sleeve member will cause the cam surfaces to ratchet over each other thereby percussively jarring said sleeve member, and relative longitudinal movement of the support and sleeve in a direction opposite to that of said first direction will engage the clutch elements and rotation of the support in said one direction while the clutch elements are engaged will cause the front faces of the clutch elements to engage thereby imparting rotation from said support to said sleeve memher.

3. A combination jar and key seat reamer for engaging and enlarging key seats formed in well bores by a string of pipe comprising, an elongate tubular support, a coupling member on each end of the support for connection in said string of pipe, said coupling members having upwardly and downwardly facing annular stop shoulders, respectively, a tubular sleeve adapted to engage and enlarge said key seats, said sleeve having scrapers on its outer surface and being slidably and rotatably mounted on said support, said sleeve being of less length than that of said support, a set of coacting clutch elements on the upwardly facing annular shoulder and the lower end of the sleeve for imparting rotation of said support to said sleeve upon engagement of said clutch elements, and a set of coacting rotary jar elements on the downwardly facing shoulder and the upper end of the sleeve, said rotary jar elements comprising engageable cam surfaces projecting upwardly from the upper end of the sleeve and projecting downwardly from the downwardly facing shoulder so that While the sleeve is lodged in the key seat downward movement of the support relative to the sleeve will engage said cam surfaces and relative rotation of the support and the sleeve will cause the cam surfaces to ride over each other thereby percussively jarring said sleeve.

LEONARD L. SHELTON.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,901,513 Harris Mar. 14, 1933 2,072,320 Thomas Mar. 2, 1937 2,212,067 Hoifoss Aug. 20, 1940 2,295,058 Smethers Sept. 8, 1942 2,425,012 Snyder Aug. 5, 194:7 2,572,307 Brown et a1 Oct. 23, 1951 2,620,164 Burris Dec. 2, 1952 

